For the racer looking to maximize the horsepower potential of an engine, good cylinder head porting work can yield significant increases in power and combustion efficiency and can mean the difference between winning and losing, especially in classes where engines where external modifications are limited.
While porting work can be performed at home by the mechanically inclined enthusiast, it is very easy to make a mistake and ruin a potentially irreplaceable cylinder head either through poor technique, inadequate tools or lack of proper knowledge.
One of the common misconceptions regarding cylinder head porting is that the intake ports and runners are enlarged as much as the cylinder head casting will allow in order for as much air to enter and exit the combustion chamber as possible. While it is true that peak air flow may be higher through larger ports, bigger is not always better; intake flow velocity across the engine’s operating range is just as important as volume. Excessively enlarged ports will cause a drop in port velocity, resulting in poor driveability, undesirable flat spots in the torque curve and poor fuel atomization in the intake port. During a race this can mean the engine dropping out its power band on gear shifts or while exiting corners.
Just as important as port size, port shape is another area where the amateur tuner must be careful when attempting to port cylinder heads. Valve bowls must be carefully blended adjacent to the valve seat, the reduction in diameter of the port from runner to valve throat should be smooth and the short side radius should be a gentle curve; deviation from these principles can reverse any potential power gains. A very important factor to consider when working on engines with multiple cylinders is that the changes made during cylinder head porting must be exactly the same on each port. If one port flows better than another, the engine will not run as smoothly.
The experienced and professional tuner knows when and where to remove material to ensure the best flow through the port for a certain engine in a given application. Such knowledge is gained through extensive flow-bench and dynamometer testing, trial runs and practice, so, while the amateur tuner can learn a lot porting at home, a professional cylinder head porting job will yield best results.
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Do you like to go fast? Do you want press on the pedal and feel some real power?